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ObjectiveTo investigate effect of aqueous extract of Trametes robiniophila （TRM，Huaier） on autophagy of human prostate cancer VCaP cells and Lamin B1 expression， so as to uncover its role in the proliferation of VCaP cells. MethodThe inhibitory effect of 0， 2， 4， 6， 8， 10 g·L-1 TRM aqueous extract on the proliferation of human prostate cancer VCaP cells at different time points were determined by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay. Acridine orange staining was conducted for analyzing the effect of TRM aqueous extract on the formation of autolysosomes in VCaP cells. After medication， the expression of microtubule-associated protein Ⅰ light chain 3 （LC3）， autophagy-related protein 3 （Atg3）， autophagy-related protein 5 （Atg5）， and autophagy-related protein 7 （Atg7） in VCaP cells were detected by Western blot. The effect of TRM aqueous extract alone and its combination with autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 on the proliferation of VCaP cells were assayed by CCK-8 assay. RNA interference technology was used to explore the role of Lamin B1 in anti-proliferation of VCaP cells by TRM. ResultCompared with the blank group， TRM aqueous extract inhibited the proliferation of human prostate cancer VCaP cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner （P<0.01）. Acridine orange staining showed that TRM aqueous extract promoted the formation of autolysosomes in VCaP cells. As revealed by Western blotting， TRM aqueous extract up-regulated the expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ， Atg3， Atg5， and Atg7 in contrast to those in the blank group （P<0.05）. All these indicated that TRM aqueous extract induced the autophagy of VCaP cells. In addition， autophagy inhibition impaired the sensitivity of VCaP cells to TRM aqueous extract （P<0.05）. The comparison with the blank group showed that TRM aqueous extract inhibited Lamin B1 protein expression in VCaP cells （P<0.01）， which in turns weakened the sensitivity of VCaP cells to TRM aqueous extract. ConclusionTRM aqueous extract inhibited the proliferation of human prostate cancer VCaP cells possibly by inducing autography and down-regulating Lamin B1 expression. This study has provided a theoretical basis for the clinical application of TRM.
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Objective:To explore the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of anterosuperior acetabular labral tear.Methods:A total of 102 patients [(42 males and 60 females,age from 13 to 60 years,average age was (35.14 ± 9.16) years] with suspected anterosuperior acetabular labral tear were included in this study,including 44 left hip joints and 58 right hip joints.All the patients received hip joint ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation before arthroscopy surgery.Using arthroscopy as golden standard,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy between ultrasound and MRI were calculated and compared.Results:There were 91 anterosuperior acetabular labral tears of 102 patients which were confirmed during arthroscopy surgery.Sixtynine patients were diagnosed correctly by ultrasound,including 60 anterosuperior acetabular labral tears and 9 with no acetabular labral tears,whereas 2 were false-positive and 31 were found to be false-negative.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy by ultrasound were respectively 65.93％,81.82％,96.77％,22.50％ and 67.65％.In contrast,seventy-seven patients were diagnosed correctly by MRI,including 70 anterosuperior acetabular labral tears and 7 with no acetabular labral tears,whereas 4 were false-positive and 21 were found to be false-negative.For MRI,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy were respectively 76.92％,63.64％,94.59％,25.00％ and 75.49％.The results of ultrasound and MRI were in accordance in 68 of the 102 patients.There were 51 anterosuperior acetabular labral tears of the 68 patients who were diagnosed by both ultrasound and MRI,whereas there were 17 with no acetabular labral tears of the 68 patients who were diagnosed by both ultrasound and MRI.The results of ultrasound and MRI were inconsistent in 34 of the 102 patients.In 11 of the 34 patients,in which case ultrasound diagnosed anterosuperior acetabular labral tear,MRI found no acetabular labral tear.Whereas,in 23 of the 34 patients,in which case MRI diagnosed anterosuperior acetabular labral tear,ultrasound found no acetabular labral tear.As compared with MRI findings,ultrasound had a lower accuracy for anterosuperior acetabular labral tear than MRI,there was statistical difference on the accuracy for anterosuperior acetabular labral tear (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion:Although ultrasound had a slightly lower sensitivity for anterosuperior acetabular labral tear,it had a higher specificity than MRI.Dynamic evaluation of anterosuperior acetabular labral tear is an advantage of ultrasound.Ultrasound could be used as a feasible method to evaluate anterosuperior acetabular labral tear.
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Objective To analyze the factors for tomotherapy precision related to the setup errors in the head and neck tumors to enhance the radiotherapy precision.Methods Totally 35 head and neck tumor patients from February to July 2016 were enrolled into the study,MVCT scan was executed before each time of tomotherapy and setup flow was standardized.There were 1 092 errors sets for the setup guided by MVCT image analyzed,and the method for reducing the setup error and the standardized process for enhancing the tomotherapy precision were put forward accordingly.Results The setup errors at X,Y and Zdirections were (0.98±0.91),(1.63±1.22),(1.11±0.87) mm originally,and became (0.97±0:89),(1.58±1.08),(1.06±0.83) mm after manual matching,and the setup error gained maximum value at Y direction and minimum value at X direction.The numbers of cases with the setup error not less than 3 mm were 6,49 and 18 respectively at X,Y and Z directions,and the corresponding proportions were 0.55％,4.49％ and 1.65％ respectively.The setup error for the tomotherapy in the head and neck tumors was low,and matching contributed to reducing the setup error.Conclusion There are multi factors affecting the setup error of the tomotherapy of the head and neck tumors,and the measures to decrease the setup error include strict institutions,standardized quality control and enhanced radiologist level.
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Objective To analyze the factors for tomotherapy precision related to the setup errors in the head and neck tumors to enhance the radiotherapy precision.Methods Totally 35 head and neck tumor patients from February to July 2016 were enrolled into the study,MVCT scan was executed before each time of tomotherapy and setup flow was standardized.There were 1 092 errors sets for the setup guided by MVCT image analyzed,and the method for reducing the setup error and the standardized process for enhancing the tomotherapy precision were put forward accordingly.Results The setup errors at X,Y and Zdirections were (0.98±0.91),(1.63±1.22),(1.11±0.87) mm originally,and became (0.97±0:89),(1.58±1.08),(1.06±0.83) mm after manual matching,and the setup error gained maximum value at Y direction and minimum value at X direction.The numbers of cases with the setup error not less than 3 mm were 6,49 and 18 respectively at X,Y and Z directions,and the corresponding proportions were 0.55％,4.49％ and 1.65％ respectively.The setup error for the tomotherapy in the head and neck tumors was low,and matching contributed to reducing the setup error.Conclusion There are multi factors affecting the setup error of the tomotherapy of the head and neck tumors,and the measures to decrease the setup error include strict institutions,standardized quality control and enhanced radiologist level.
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BACKGROUND:Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is an important signal transduction system.Our precious animal experiments have shown that osteopontin can mediate the ossification of the ligamentum flavum.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of MAPK signaling pathway in osteopontin-induced ossification of the ligamentum flavum.METHODS:The ligamentum flavum specimens obtained from 16 cases undergoing thoracic/lumbar posterior decompression surgery were divided into ossification and non-ossification groups (n=8 per group).The expression of osteopontin and its receptors CD44 and integrin was observed by immunohistochemical staining.The activation of phosphorylation in MAPK signaling pathway was detected by western blot assay.The MAPK signaling pathway was blocked by SB203580 or U0126 blocker alone to observe the induction of osteopontin.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Osteopontin and its receptor CD44 were expressed in the ossification group,but not in the non-ossififcation group.However,the expression of integrin was not detected in the ossification group.The expression levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in the ligamentum flavum were significnatly increased under the induction of osteopontin (P ＜ 0.05),and osteopontin could activate the phosphorylation of P38 and ERK1/2 in the MAPK signaling pathway (P ＜ 0.05),but the phosphorylation of JNK was not obvious.p38 phosphorylation blocked with SB203580 blocker could significantly inhibit the osteopontin-induced osteoblast differentiation of ligament flavum cells (P ＜ 0.05),while U0126 blocker had no obvious effect.These results indicate that p38 in MAPK signaling pathway is a key molecule in osteopontin-mediated ossification of the ligamentum flavum.